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208 ExtremeWare XOS 11.0 Concepts Guide
Spanning Tree Protocol
Figure 21: VLANs traverse domains inside switches
• The VLAN partition feature is deployed under the premise that the overall interdomain topology for
that VLAN is loop-free. Consider the case in Figure 22, VLAN red (the only VLAN in the figure)
spans STPDs 1, 2, and 3. Inside each domain, STP produces a loop-free topology. However, VLAN
red is still looped, because the three domains form a ring among themselves.
Figure 22: Looped VLAN topology
• A necessary (but not sufficient) condition for a loop-free inter-domain topology is that every two
domains only meet at a single crossing point.
EX_052
S1
WrongCorrect
S2
S2
S1
EX_053
Domain 3
Domain 2
Domain 1
- ExtremeWare XOS Concepts 1
- Chapter 3 Managing the Switch 4
- Chapter 5 Virtual LANs 6
- Chapter 6 Virtual Routers 6
- Chapter 7 Forwarding Database 7
- Chapter 8 Quality of Service 7
- Chapter 10 Security 8
- Contents 10
- Chapter 15 IP Unicast Routing 11
- Part 3 Appendixes 13
- Appendix B Troubleshooting 14
- Glossary 14
- Index of Commands 14
- Introduction 15
- Conventions 16
- Related Publications 16
- Using ExtremeWare XOS 17
- 1 ExtremeWare XOS Overview 19
- ExtremeWare XOS Overview 20
- Software Modules 21
- Virtual LANs 21
- Spanning Tree Protocol 22
- Load Sharing 22
- Unicast Routing 23
- IP Multinetting 23
- Software Factory Defaults 24
- 2 Accessing the Switch 27
- Syntax Helper 28
- Command Shortcuts 28
- Line-Editing Keys 30
- Command History 31
- Common Commands 31
- Accessing the Switch 32
- Configuring Management Access 33
- Default Accounts 34
- Creating a Management Account 35
- Failsafe Account 35
- Checking Basic Connectivity 37
- Traceroute 38
- 3 Managing the Switch 39
- Configuration File Management 40
- Using the Console Interface 41
- Using Telnet 42
- About the Telnet Server 43
- Managing the Switch 44
- Using Secure Shell 2 47
- System Redundancy 47
- Node Election 48
- Relinquishing Master Status 49
- Bulk Checkpointing 50
- Dynamic Checkpointing 50
- Viewing Checkpoint Statistics 50
- Power Management 51
- Initial System Boot-Up 52
- Removing a Power Supply 52
- Displaying Power Supply Data 53
- Accessing Switch Agents 54
- Supported MIBs 54
- Displaying SNMP Settings 55
- Message Processing 56
- SNMPv3 Security 56
- Users, Groups, and Security 57
- SNMPv3 MIB Access Control 59
- SNMPv3 Notification 60
- Target Parameters 61
- Filter Profiles and Filters 61
- Notification Tags 62
- Configuring Notifications 62
- Authenticating Users 63
- Configuring and Using SNTP 64
- Process Management 67
- Configuring Ports on a Switch 70
- Jumbo Frames 72
- Path MTU Discovery 73
- Load Sharing on the Switch 74
- Load-Sharing Algorithms 75
- Load-Sharing Examples 76
- Switch Port Mirroring 77
- Extreme Discovery Protocol 79
- 5 Virtual LANs 81
- Types of VLANs 82
- Marketing 83
- Tagged VLANs 84
- Uses of Tagged VLANs 85
- Assigning a VLAN Tag 85
- Protocol-Based VLANs 87
- Predefined Protocol Filters 88
- Defining Protocol Filters 88
- VLAN Names 89
- Default VLAN 90
- Renaming a VLAN 90
- VLAN Configuration Examples 91
- Displaying VLAN Settings 92
- Tunneling (VMANs) 93
- Configuring VMANs 94
- VMAN Example 95
- 6 Virtual Routers 97
- Types of Virtual Routers 98
- Creating Virtual Routers 100
- Using Virtual Routers 101
- Virtual Routers 102
- 7 Forwarding Database 103
- FDB Entry Types 104
- FDB Configuration Examples 105
- Displaying FDB Entries 106
- MAC-Based Security 106
- 8 Quality of Service 107
- Applications and Types of QoS 108
- Configuring QoS 109
- QoS Profiles 110
- Traffic Groupings 111
- ACL-Based Traffic Groupings 112
- Configuring DiffServ 114
- Quality of Service 116
- Source port 118
- Bi-Directional Rate Shaping 121
- Bandwidth Settings 122
- Status Monitoring 125
- Slot Diagnostics 126
- Port Statistics 126
- Port Errors 127
- Port Monitoring Display Keys 128
- System Temperature 128
- System Health Checking 129
- System Health Check Example 130
- Dual MSM Systems 133
- Target Configuration 133
- Severity 134
- Components and Conditions 135
- Matching Expressions 138
- Matching Parameters 139
- Formatting Event Messages 140
- Displaying Event Logs 141
- Uploading Event Logs 141
- Displaying Debug Information 142
- Using sFlow 143
- Configuring the Local Agent 144
- Unconfiguring sFlow 145
- Displaying sFlow Information 146
- 10 Security 147
- Creating IP ACLs 148
- ACL File Syntax 149
- Security 150
- IP Access Control Lists 151
- ACL Evaluation Precedence 153
- Fragmented packet handling 153
- Example ACL Rule Entries 154
- Using ACLs on the Switch 155
- DHCP Server 156
- Switch Protection 157
- Creating Policies 158
- Policy File Syntax 158
- Table 33: Policy actions 162
- Policy Examples 163
- ExtremeWare route map: 164
- Using Policies 166
- Refreshing Policies 166
- Management Access Security 167
- Enabling and Disabling RADIUS 168
- Configuring RADIUS Accounting 168
- Configuring RADIUS 169
- RADIUS RFC 2138 Attributes 169
- Secure Shell 2 170
- Using Switching and Routing 173
- Protocols 173
- Overview of the EAPS Protocol 175
- Fast Convergence 177
- EAPS Terms 177
- Fault Detection and Recovery 178
- Restoration Operations 179
- Multiple EAPS Domains 180
- Configuring EAPS on a Switch 182
- Configuring EAPS with STP 190
- EAPS with STP Guidelines 191
- 12 Spanning Tree Protocol 195
- Table 36: STP terms 196
- Spanning Tree Domains 197
- STPD Modes 198
- Encapsulation Modes 199
- STP States 200
- Binding Ports 200
- Automatically Binding Ports 201
- Rapid Root Failover 202
- STP and Hitless Failover 202
- STP Configurations 203
- Sales, Personnel, Marketing 204
- Sales & Engineering 205
- Multiple STPDs on a Port 206
- VLAN Spanning Multiple STPDs 206
- EMISTP Deployment Constraints 207
- Per VLAN Spanning Tree 209
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 209
- RSTP Terms 210
- RSTP Concepts 210
- Link Types 211
- RSTP Timers 212
- RSTP Operation 213
- Root Port Rapid Behavior 214
- Receiving Bridge Behavior 215
- Rapid Reconvergence 215
- STP Rules and Restrictions 220
- Configuring STP on the Switch 220
- STP Configuration Examples 222
- EMISTP Configuration Example 223
- Displaying STP Settings 225
- Overview of ESRP 227
- Reasons to Use ESRP 228
- ESRP Terms 228
- ESRP Concepts 230
- ESRP-Aware Switches 231
- Standard and Extended ESRP 231
- ESRP Domains 233
- Linking ESRP Switches 233
- ESRP and Hitless Failover 233
- Determining the ESRP Master 234
- Master Switch Behavior 235
- Pre-Master Switch Behavior 235
- Slave Switch Behavior 235
- Neutral Switch Behavior 235
- Electing the Master Switch 236
- ESRP Failover Time 236
- ESRP Election Algorithms 237
- Advanced ESRP Features 238
- ESRP Tracking 239
- ESRP Route Table Tracking 240
- ESRP Ping Tracking 240
- ESRP Port Restart 241
- ESRP Host Attach 242
- ESRP Groups 243
- Displaying ESRP Information 244
- ESRP Examples 244
- OSPF or RIP 245
- ESRP Cautions 248
- ESRP and STP 249
- ESRP Groups and Host Attach 249
- Overview 251
- Determining the VRRP Master 252
- Electing the Master Router 253
- Additional VRRP Highlights 254
- VRRP Operation 255
- Fully Redundant VRRP Network 256
- VRRP Configuration Parameters 257
- VRRP Examples 258
- Switch A 259
- Switch B 259
- 15 IP Unicast Routing 261
- Router Interfaces 262
- Populating the Routing Table 263
- Proxy ARP 264
- Relative Route Priorities 265
- Routing Configuration Example 266
- = IP traffic 267
- = NetBIOS traffic 267
- Route Manager 270
- Unicast Routing Protocols 270
- IGMP Snooping and IGMP 271
- Multicast Routing Protocols 271
- EAPS, ESRP, and STP 272
- DHCP Relay 272
- Configuring IP Multinetting 273
- IP Multinetting Examples 273
- Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay 274
- 16 Interior Gateway Protocols 275
- Overview of RIP 277
- Overview of OSPF 278
- Database Overflow 279
- Opaque LSAs 279
- Backbone Area (Area 0.0.0.0) 280
- Stub Areas 280
- Not-So-Stubby-Areas 280
- Area 2 Area 1 Area 0 281
- Point-to-Point Support 282
- Route Redistribution 283
- Interior Gateway Protocols 284
- RIP Configuration Example 285
- Configuring OSPF 286
- OSPF Wait Interval Parameters 287
- HQ_10_0_2 288
- Chi_160_26_26 288
- HQ_10_0_3 288
- LA_161_48_2 288
- Configuration for ABR1 289
- Configuration for IR1 289
- Displaying OSPF Settings 290
- BGP Attributes 292
- BGP Communities 292
- BGP Features 293
- Route Confederations 295
- Route Aggregation 298
- Using the Loopback Interface 298
- BGP Peer Groups 298
- BGP Route Flap Dampening 299
- BGP Route Selection 301
- BGP Static Network 302
- 18 IP Multicast Routing 303
- PIM Overview 304
- IGMP Overview 305
- Configuration Examples 306
- Appendixes 309
- Downloading a New Image 311
- Software Signatures 313
- Rebooting the Switch 313
- Saving Configuration Changes 314
- Viewing a Configuration 315
- Returning to Factory Defaults 316
- Renaming Configuration Files 317
- Deleting Configuration Files 317
- Synchronizing MSMs 318
- Accessing the Bootloader 318
- Upgrading the BootROM 319
- B Troubleshooting 321
- Troubleshooting 322
- Port Configuration 324
- Debug Mode 327
- TOP Command 327
- System Health Check 328
- System Odometer 329
- Temperature Operating Range 329
- Standards 331
- A (continued) 336
- B (continued) 337
- C (continued) 338
- D (continued) 339
- E (continued) 340
- G (continued) 342
- I (continued) 343
- L (continued) 344
- M (continued) 345
- O (continued) 347
- P (continued) 348
- R (continued) 350
- S (continued) 351
- T (continued) 352
- V (continued) 353
- Numerics 359
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