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206 ExtremeWare XOS 10.1 Concepts Guide
Exterior Gateway Routing Protocols
Figure 37: Route reflectors
Route Confederations
BGP requires networks to use a fully-meshed router configuration. This requirement does not scale well,
especially when BGP is used as an interior gateway protocol. One way to reduce the size of a
fully-meshed AS is to divide the AS into multiple sub-autonomous systems and group them into a
routing confederation. Within the confederation, each sub-AS must be fully-meshed. The confederation is
advertised to other networks as a single AS.
EX_042
Client
Client
Route Reflector
Non-client
Cluster
- ExtremeWare XOS Concepts 1
- Chapter 3 Managing the Switch 4
- Chapter 9 Security 7
- Chapter 12 IP Unicast Routing 8
- Part 3 Appendixes 10
- Index of Commands 11
- Contents 12
- Introduction 13
- Conventions 14
- Related Publications 14
- Using ExtremeWare XOS 15
- 1 ExtremeWare XOS Overview 17
- Quality of Service 18
- Unicast Routing 18
- IP Multicast Routing 18
- Load Sharing 18
- ExtremeWare XOS Overview 20
- 2 Accessing the Switch 21
- Syntax Helper 22
- Command Shortcuts 22
- Line-Editing Keys 24
- Command History 25
- Common Commands 25
- is +/- minutes 26
- Configuring Management Access 27
- Default Accounts 28
- Creating a Management Account 29
- Checking Basic Connectivity 30
- Traceroute 31
- Accessing the Switch 32
- 3 Managing the Switch 33
- Understanding the XOS Shell 34
- Using the Console Interface 34
- Using Telnet 35
- Using a BOOTP or DHCP Server 36
- Managing the Switch 38
- Using SNMP 39
- Accessing Switch Agents 40
- Supported MIBs 40
- Displaying SNMP Settings 40
- SNMPv3 Overview 41
- Message Processing 42
- SNMPv3 Security 42
- Users, Groups, and Security 43
- MIB Access Control 44
- Notification 45
- Target Addresses 46
- Target Parameters 46
- Filter Profiles and Filters 46
- Notification Tags 47
- Authenticating Users 48
- Configuring and Using SNTP 49
- SNTP Example 52
- Configuring Ports on a Switch 54
- Jumbo Frames 56
- Load Sharing on the Switch 58
- Switch Port-Mirroring 59
- Extreme Discovery Protocol 60
- 5 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 61
- Types of VLANs 62
- System 1 63
- System 2 63
- Tagged VLANs 64
- Uses of Tagged VLANs 65
- Assigning a VLAN Tag 65
- Marketing 66
- Protocol-Based VLANs 67
- Predefined Protocol Filters 68
- Defining Protocol Filters 68
- Deleting a Protocol Filter 69
- VLAN Names 70
- VLAN Configuration Examples 71
- Displaying VLAN Settings 72
- VLAN Tunneling (VMANs) 73
- Virtual LANs (VLANs) 74
- 6 Forwarding Database (FDB) 75
- FDB Entry Types 76
- FDB Configuration Examples 77
- MAC-Based Security 78
- Displaying FDB Entries 78
- Forwarding Database (FDB) 80
- 7 Quality of Service (QoS) 81
- Applications and Types of QoS 82
- Video Applications 83
- Web Browsing Applications 83
- File Server Applications 83
- Configuring QoS 84
- QoS Profiles 84
- Traffic Groupings 85
- Configuring 802.1p Priority 86
- Configuring DiffServ 87
- Quality of Service (QoS) 88
- Physical Groupings 89
- QoS Monitor 90
- Status Monitoring 91
- Slot Diagnostics 91
- Port Statistics 93
- Port Errors 93
- Port Monitoring Display Keys 94
- System Temperature 95
- System Health Checking 96
- System Redundancy 96
- Electing the Node 97
- Configuring Node Parameters 98
- Configuring the Node State 98
- Relinquishing Primary Status 98
- Synchronizing the Backup 99
- Viewing Checkpoint Statistics 99
- Viewing Node Statistics 100
- Target Configuration 101
- Severity 102
- Components and Conditions 103
- Matching Expressions 106
- Matching Parameters 107
- Formatting Event Messages 108
- Displaying Events Logs 109
- Uploading Events Logs 109
- Displaying Debug Information 111
- 9 Security 113
- Creating IP Access Lists 114
- ACL File Syntax 114
- IP Access Lists (ACLs) 115
- Security 116
- Example ACL Rule Entries 117
- Switch Protection 119
- Policies 120
- Creating Policies 120
- Policy File Syntax 120
- Autonomous System Expressions 122
- Policy Examples 124
- ExtremeWare Route Map: 126
- Management Access Security 128
- Enabling and Disabling RADIUS 129
- Configuring RADIUS Accounting 130
- Configuring RADIUS 130
- RADIUS RFC 2138 Attributes 130
- Configuring TACACS+ 131
- Using Switching and Routing 133
- Protocols 133
- Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) 135
- STP Terms 136
- Spanning Tree Domains 137
- STPD Modes 138
- Encapsulation Modes 139
- STP States 140
- Binding Ports 140
- Automatically Binding Ports 141
- STP Configurations 142
- Sales, Personnel, Marketing 143
- Sales & Engineering 144
- Multiple STPDs on a Port 145
- VLAN Spanning Multiple STPDs 145
- EMISTP Deployment Constraints 146
- Per-VLAN Spanning Tree 148
- Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol 148
- RSTP Terms 149
- RSTP Concepts 149
- Link Types 150
- RSTP Timers 151
- RSTP Operation 152
- Root Port Rapid Behavior 153
- Receiving Bridge Behavior 154
- Rapid Reconvergence 154
- STP Rules and Restrictions 159
- Configuring STP on the Switch 159
- STP Configuration Examples 160
- EMISTP Configuration Example 161
- Displaying STP Settings 163
- Overview 165
- Determining the VRRP Master 166
- VRRP Tracking Example 167
- Additional VRRP Highlights 168
- VRRP Operation 169
- Fully-Redundant VRRP Network 170
- VRRP Configuration Parameters 171
- VRRP Examples 172
- Switch A 173
- Switch B 173
- 12 IP Unicast Routing 175
- Router Interfaces 176
- Populating the Routing Table 177
- Proxy ARP 178
- Relative Route Priorities 179
- Routing Configuration Example 180
- = IP traffic 181
- = NetBIOS traffic 181
- Configuring DHCP/BOOTP Relay 182
- UDP Echo Server 183
- IP Unicast Routing 184
- 13 Interior Gateway Protocols 185
- Overview of RIP 187
- Overview of OSPF 188
- Database Overflow 189
- Opaque LSAs 189
- Backbone Area (Area 0.0.0.0) 190
- Stub Areas 190
- Not-So-Stubby-Areas (NSSA) 190
- Normal Area 191
- Virtual Links 191
- Virtual link 192
- Route Re-Distribution 193
- ASBR ASBR 194
- RIP Configuration Example 196
- Configuring OSPF 197
- Interior Gateway Protocols 198
- OSPF Configuration Example 199
- Displaying OSPF Settings 200
- OSPF LSDB Display 201
- BGP Attributes 204
- BGP Communities 205
- BGP Features 205
- Route Confederations 206
- Route Confederation Example 207
- Route Aggregation 209
- Using the Loopback Interface 210
- BGP Peer Groups 210
- BGP Route Flap Dampening 211
- BGP Route Selection 212
- command 214
- 15 IP Multicast Routing 215
- PIM Overview 216
- IGMP Overview 217
- IGMP Snooping Filters 218
- Configuration Examples 219
- Configuration for IR1 220
- Configuration for ABR1 221
- Appendixes 223
- Downloading a New Image 225
- Saving Configuration Changes 227
- Returning to Factory Defaults 228
- Renaming Configuration Files 229
- Deleting Configuration Files 229
- Accessing the Bootloader 230
- B Troubleshooting 233
- Troubleshooting 234
- Port Configuration 236
- Debug Mode 238
- System Health Check 238
- System Odometer 238
- Standards 241
- Numerics 245
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